Are movements of individual body parts controlled by distinct regions of the brain?

Promopt and Instructions:

• The prompt is: Are movements of individual body parts controlled by distinct regions of the brain? 
• The answer: No they are not controlled by distint regions in the brain. 
•  This paper will explore the evolution of how we have come to understand localization and interconnectivity of the brain and the brain over time. Not all scientist believed this, some found proof of localization only, while some found proof of how the brain is able to adapt even with localized damage. They also found the extent of the damage can affect motor reactions and how that shows the brain can be divided into regions. They also found that while the brain is divided into regions these regions talk to each other. All these findings were discovered over the course of the last 200 years starting with the findings of Marie-Jean-Pierre Flourens, then Paul Broca, then John Hughlings Jackson, then Gustav Fritsch and Eduard Hitzig, then David Ferrier, A.S. F. Grunbaum and Charles S. Sherrington, then Karl S. Lashley, then Wilder Penfield and Edwin Boldrey, then Marc H. Schieber and Lyndon S. Hibbard, then Michael S.A. Graziano, and finally Evan Gordon. Each scientist had one goal to explore and understand the way the cortex of the human brain is mapped through movement. 
• The purpose of this paper present this truth based of the experiments and findings of: Marie-Jean-Pierre Flourens, then Paul Broca, then John Hughlings Jackson, then Gustav Fritsch and Eduard Hitzig, then David Ferrier, A.S. F. Grunbaum and Charles S. Sherrington, then Karl S. Lashley, then Wilder Penfield and Edwin Boldrey, then Marc H. Schieber and Lyndon S. Hibbard, then Michael S.A. Graziano, and finally Evan Gordon. 
• There finding expand over 200 years, and while they are all unique they serve as the building blocks through which we now understand this truth: Through the findings of the listed scientist we now know the following to be true: Some of these cells control movement through their outputs to the brain stem and spinal cord, including direct projections to motor neurons. Motor cortex has a rough topographical organization, meaning that separate parts of it control movements of the foot, hand, and face, respectively.This network, which we named the Somato-Cognitive Action Network (SCAN), executes a plan to move the whole body. It integrates mind and body by linking to other brain regions controlling breathing heart rate, muscle tension, even butterflies in the stomach, all of which provide feedback for planning future actions—here’s what is needed to avoid that upset stomach or laceration next time. SCAN also connects to regions important for drive and motivation, damage to which can induce apathy. The recognition that body control and motor activity are represented by a common brain circuit helps explain why mind and body states so often interact. 
• MUST INCLUSE: 
• All 11 articles must be included, no other resources should be used 
• The findings and conclusions from each paper article must be discussed, with an explanation as to what methods did each scientist perform and how that led to their findings. 
• These articles do not stand alone, the findings have similarities and difference in methods and findings. Who discovered what? How were their finding’s limited by their technology of the time? How did a future scientist/article build and expand on previous articles to either support or refute the conclusions made before it.
• Do not use artificial intelligence software, any detection of AI will result in a zero. Papers will be checked for plagiarism by Turnitin.com 
• Use 3-5 pages, double-spaced. 
•  When you refer to data from each article, cite
  the article in the text of your paper, by putting the author’s name and the date in parentheses [e.g.,
  (Flourens, 1824) or (Fritsch and Hitzig, 1870) or (Graziano et al., 2002)]. There is no need to create a list of references at the end. 
• DO NOT USE ANY OTHER SOURCES ASIDE FROM THE 11 ARTICLES ATTACHTED BELOW 
• Papers will be evaluated primarily on the basis of accuracy, focus, logic, clarity, and mechanics.