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Example Main Post Claimed Topic Incompatibility between mother and fetus in Rh blood type: First vs Second pregnancy Research: Everyone has a different blood type. Every person has one of the four ABO blood types A, B, AB, or O. One’s blood type can be determined by the antigens in that person’s blood cells. Rh factor is a type of protein that is on the surface of the red blood cells. Rh blood group is known for the rhesus monkey, which the Rh antigens were first discovered in 1940 (Saladin, 2020). Rh antigens have three common antigens which are C, D, and E. Antigen D is the most reactive antigen. If a person have the Rh antigen, he or she is considered Rh positive (Rh +) (Saladin, 2020). If he or she lacks the antigen, then that person is considered Rh negative (Rh-) (Pegoraro et al, 2020). If a person has a mismatched blood type with his or her second fetus, when the mother is Rh- and the fetus is Rh+, significant health issues can occur such as death from anemia. If the mother is Rh+ and the first baby is either Rh+ or Rh-, no problems will occur. Why is the first pregnancy not an issue and the second pregnancy a cause for concern? The mother will not be sensitized. During a woman’s first pregnancy, if she is +Rh- and the baby is Rh, there are generally no problems. The concern is the fetal blood mixing with the mother’s blood, this most often occurs during delivery (Rh factor blood test, 2018). If this happens the mother is exposed to the Rh + factor and will produce the Rh antibodies which will attack any Rh- fetuses in subsequent pregnancies. Rh- mothers are given an injection of RhoGAM, antibodies to the Rh factor. These antibodies bind to the Rh+ fetal RBCs and ‘hide’ them from the mother’s immune system and prevent antibodies to the Rh factor from forming. The RhoGam shot is needed each time the mother is pregnant with an Rh+ fetus. (Saladin, 2020). During a woman’s second pregnancy, her OB/GYN will test her for the RH factor again to do an antibody screen. Usually, this test is around Week 28. If the mother becomes pregnant with a Rh+fetus, the mother’s antibodies can pass through the placenta and agglutinate the fetal erythrocytes (Saladin, 2020). If this occurs, the children are born with a condition called hemolytic anemia (Saladin, 2020). Why should we care? Studies stated that 50% of women around the world are not fully educated about this topic and did not receive immunoprophylaxis due to a lack of awareness (Pegoraro et al., 2020). It can mean the difference between life and death. W/C 432 Critical Thinking: When they find out they are pregnant, many women are elated. But there are issues that every woman should be aware of. One of the important issues that are addressed in the first trimester of pregnancy is the woman’s blood type. One way I remember Rh is MRh+ BRh+ or BRh- = OK. (M is for Mom and B is for Baby). MRh- BRh+ =Bad. Knowing one’s RH blood type is extremely critical during a pregnancy for the health of mom and baby. If the woman has RH incompatibility with her fetus, there are treatments available, and both mom and fetus can have a healthy pregnancy and birth. Mom can focus more on the important things such as welcoming a healthy baby. Personally, I am currently 12 weeks pregnant with my second child and will be going for my blood test tomorrow. I was never fully educated on Rh incompatibility as many others.
References Pegoraro, V., Urbinati, D., Visser, G. H. A., Di Renzo, G. C., Zipursky, A., Stotler, B. A., & Spitalnik, S. L. (2020). Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn due to Rh(D) incompatibility: A preventable disease that still produces significant morbidity and mortality in children. PLOS ONE, 15(7), eO235807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.02358 Rh Blood Test – Mayo Clinic. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/test[1]procedures/h-factor/about/pac-20394960 Saladin, K. (2020). Anatomy & Physiology: The Unit of Form and Function. (9th ed.). McGraw[1]Hill Educ
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