Five short answer questions from the topics: Cell Communication, The Cell Cycle, Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles, Mender and the Gene Idea and The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance.

1. MITOSIS is associated with sexual production and MEIOSIS is associated with sexual production . explain the importance of sexual reproduction in a term of variation and diversity. Bdelloid rotifer are unique in they only reproduce asexually. Yet they have more genetic variation than non-bdelloid rotifers that reproduce sexually. Explain how this possible.                                                                                        2 explain the importance of signals transduction and pathways in terms of regulation, amplification specificity, and  efficiency, for example, how tightly regulated are signals pathways and why?                                                               3 describe the steps in pro  METAPHASe, METAPhase and ANAPHASe  in terms of Kinetochore micro tubules and non- kinetochore microtubules. In other words, what are each of these type of microtubules doing in each of these processes?                                                                                      4) explain the difference between X inactivation and genomic imprinting. If a hypothetical human male has one green eye, and one blue eye ,which of the two is likely explaination? is there any possibility that there is hypothetical human male’s eye-color difference is due to the other condition? How so?                                                                         5) a man with POLYDACTUYLE (extra five fingers and toes)  woman without POLYDACTYLY. The first child does not have POLYDECTYLY what does this tells you about the man genotype if POLYDACTYLY is dominant explain why most people do not have six fingers and two provide a genetic response not a cosmetic response.