Black Windows Theory in racially discriminating against youth from minority communities

November 23, 2024November 23, 2024 Discipline: Criminal justice

The document titled YJC 6900 semester paper guidelines are the main guidelines provided. I already started working on the paper through various parts that we had to complete before submitting the draft including a literature review, and a case analysis. I will attach the feedback from my prof for both of these as well so that you have a good idea of what I am looking for.

For the literature review my professors feedback was:
– BWT has been controversial from the beginning.  The racialized aspects have been highlighted.  You can do the same by focusing your paper around the point of the pros and cons of BWT on communities.  A deep dive into race, youth justice, and BWT will make for a great paper! But you need to make the link.  This might involve stating how the legal system including arrest is not the place for the less serious minor offenses of juveniles. There are articles to draw that would lead to that link that you might uncover.   


For the case review he said following:

– I think you provide really strong background information that sets the stage for your case analysis really well. I also think the case you use is a really strong example to support your argument. Overall, great job with this.
– I’m sorry when you mentioned in an email the Eric Garner I didn’t realize he was 43—way beyond adolescence.  You don’t need his case to relate the effects of BWT.  Michael Brown would be in the category of emerging adulthood, but that’s OK, if you’re willing to go there in making the case for juvenile justice being extended to that age. You briefly refer to “other incidents of adolescences” for which I’m not seeing the link.   More is needed directly relating how BWT racializes dangerousness.  You could discuss how it projects dangerousness based on minor offending and personal attributes.  For instance, seeing the offensive behaviors of Black youth as more serious than white youth.  BWT does so through stop and frisk, through a higher incidence of arrest, and by using arrest histories as a basis for further arrests and convictions.  You’re on the right track but there’s much work to be done.  You can do it!

SOURCES FROM COURSE INCLUDE:

BOOKS:


  • National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Edited by R. J. Bonnie, R. L. Johnson, B. M. Chemers and J. Schuck. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press

  • Emerson, Robert M. 1969. Judging Delinquents; Context and Process in Juvenile Court. Chicago,: Aldine Transaction

  • Fader, Jamie J. 2013. Falling Back: Incarceration and Transitions to Adulthood among Urban Youth: Rutgers University Press.

  • Feld, Barry C.. The Evolution of the Juvenile Court: Race, Politics, and the Criminalizing of Juvenile Justice New York University Press, 2017.

  • Garbarino, James. 2018. Miller’s children: Why Giving Teenage Killers a Second Chance Matters for All of Us. University of California Press.

  • Scott, Elizabeth S., and Laurence Steinberg. 2008. Rethinking juvenile justice. Harvard Univ Press.

  • Singer, Simon I. America’s Safest City: Delinquency and Modernity in Suburbia, New York University Press, 2014.

  • Singer, Singer. (1996). Recriminalizing Delinquency: Violent Juvenile Crime and Juvenile Justice Reform. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  • Soyer, Michaela. Lost Childhoods: Poverty, Trauma, and Violent Crime in the Post-Welfare Era. University of California Press, 2018. ProQuest Ebook Central,

  • Terrio, Susan J. 2009. Judging Mohammed:Juvenile delinquency, immigration, and exclusion at the Paris Palace of Justice. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.


Articles

  • Bogert, Carroll, and Lynnell Hancock. 2020. Superpredator: The media myth that demonized a generation of black youth. The Marshall Project 20.

  • Bridges, George, and Sara Steen. 1998.“Racial Disparities in Official Assessments of Juvenile Offenders: Attributional Stereotypes as Mediating Mechanisms.” American Sociological Review 63:554-570.

  • Dilulio, J. 1995.“The Coming of the Super-Predators,”The Weekly Standard (November 27). 

  • Leopord, Heidi. 2018. “The shifting boundaries of adolescence.” Nature 554 (7693):429-431.

  • Miller, Jerome G. 1979. “The revolution in juvenile justice: From rhetoric to rhetoric.”InThe future of childhood and juvenile justice, edited by L. T. Empey. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.

  • Singer, Simon I. 2024.“ The Afterlife and Discretional Release of Juvenile Lifers.”InThe Routledge International Handbook of Juvenile Homicide: Routledge.

  • Soyer, Michaela. 2013. “The Imagination of Desistance: A Juxtaposition of the Construction of Incarceration as a Turning Point and the Reality of Recidivism.” The British Journal of Criminology 54 (1):91-108.

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