Challenging Kant: Examining the Moral Justification for Treating Individuals as Means to an End


The papers must be six complete (from top to bottom), proofread, and double-spaced pages of text with 10-12 point font and 1” margins. Also, the pages must be stapled. Please use a title page for your name, date, title, etc. (the title page is not one of your 6 pages of text). You do not need to use sources other than the various online resources we are using in class. But all sources must be documented in a bibliography, and all quotations or paraphrases should be followed by author and page number: for example, (Wagoner, 39). Note that, as mentioned in the syllabus, plagiarism will not be tolerated and may result in a failing grade for the semester. Remember that the object of the paper is to engage in the philosophical activity of expressing, defending, and clarifying your own thinking. So please use the word ‘I’ and do your best to
present a paper that gives reasons to back up your ideas. Feel free to get me a draft before the
due date if you need help.


TOPIC: Kant argues that it is always wrong to treat people as a means to an end ONLY, that is, as a tool or instrument to get something done. Rather, we should always treat people as ends-in-themselves, that is, as entities with intrinsic worth. Your task is to try and refute Kant on this point. Are there some situations where we are morally justified in using someone as a means to an end and disregarding their intrinsic worth? What would one situation be? And what would your reasons for treating someone as a means to an end only be?

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