Comprehensive Accounting Cycle and Financial Reporting Project: XYZ Enterprises Case Study

You are the accountant for XYZ Enterprises, a newly established retail company. During its first month of operations, the company engaged in the following hypothetical transactions:

1. Investment by Owners: The owners invested $50,000 cash into the business in exchange for common stock.
2. Office Space Rental Agreement: Signed a 12-month lease for retail space, paying the first month’s rent of $2,500 in advance.
3. Purchase of Inventory: Purchased 1,000 units of inventory at $15 per unit on account with terms 2/10, n/30.
4. Sale of Inventory (Cash): Sold 200 units of inventory for $60 per unit in cash. The inventory cost per unit was $15.
5. Sale of Inventory (On Account): Sold 150 units of inventory for $60 per unit on account, terms 2/10, n/30. The inventory cost per unit was $15.
6. Purchase of Equipment: Bought equipment for $30,000, paying $15,000 in cash and the remaining $15,000 on a 2-year note payable.
7. Utility Expenses: Paid $1,500 in cash for utility bills.
8. Salaries Expense: Paid $6,000 in cash for employees’ salaries.
9. Advertising Expense: Incurred $1,800 in advertising costs, paid in cash.
10. Collection from Accounts Receivable: Collected $9,000 from customers who were billed on account.
11. Payment to Suppliers: Paid $14,700 to suppliers for inventory purchased, taking advantage of the early payment discount.
12. Prepaid Insurance: Paid $1,200 for a 6-month insurance policy.
13. Accrued Salaries: Recorded $2,000 in salaries for work done during the last week of the month, to be paid next month.
14. Depreciation Expense: Recorded $500 depreciation for the month on equipment.
15. Sales Return: Accepted the return of 10 units of inventory sold on account. The inventory was originally sold at $60 per unit, with a cost of $15 per unit.
16. Interest Expense: Accrued interest of $100 on the note payable.
17. Inventory Write-down: Due to obsolescence, wrote down inventory by $200.
18. Deferred Revenue: Received $2,000 in advance for goods to be delivered next month.
19. Loan Payment: Paid $500 towards the principal of the note payable.
20. Corporate Taxes: Estimated and recorded income tax expense of $2,000 for the month.

Instructions:

1. General Journal Entries:

   • Record the above transactions in the general journal using Excel. For each transaction, specify the accounts debited and credited along with the amounts, including detailed calculations for inventory purchases and sales.

  T-Accounts (Ledger Entries):

1. • Post the journal entries to the appropriate T-accounts in Excel, showing the debits and credits for each account. Ensure that each T-account has a clear and accurate balance.

2. Trial Balance:

   • Prepare a trial balance in Excel as of the end of the month. Ensure that the total debits equal the total credits.

3. Income Statement:

   • Using the trial balance, prepare an income statement for XYZ Enterprises for the first month of operations in Excel. Include all revenues and expenses, such as cost of goods sold, depreciation, and corporate taxes.

4. Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet):

   • Prepare a statement of financial position as of the end of the month in Excel. Include all assets, liabilities, and equity accounts.

Additional Considerations:

• Assume the company uses the perpetual inventory system and the accrual basis of accounting.
• Round all figures to the nearest dollar.
• Clearly label each section and ensure that all entries are neat and organized in the Excel spreadsheet.

Deliverables:

• General journal entries (Excel sheet)
• T-accounts (ledger in Excel)
• Trial balance (Excel sheet)
• Income statement (Excel sheet)
• Statement of financial position (Excel sheet)

Grading Criteria:

• Accuracy of journal entries and ledger postings
• Correctness of the trial balance
• Completeness and clarity of the financial statements
• Proper application of accounting principles and rules
• Presentation and organization of the Excel workbook