1. Adequately describe what the concepts of ANS and approximate arithmetic are, including how they are defined, how the systems are known to work, and examples (which can illustrate their working).
2. For each of these concepts, (a) ANS and (b) approximate arithmetic, adequately describe the major research paradigms (e.g., what kind of tasks or measures, and the step-by-step procedures of carrying out the task/measure if necessary.) that are commonly used for examining human ANS acuity and human infants/young children’s approximate arithmetic abilities.
3. Main findings from the classic work on this topic (see the readings).
4. Your reflections and/or questions on human ANS and early arithmetic abilities. Here are two examples just for your reference: (a) What do you think is the significance of this intuitive number/math system/sense found in humans? (b) Do you agree or disagree that the typical research approaches used for studying this system are valid and reliable measurements of intuitive number/arithmetic sense?
Please write in APA style (you may use the “APA Sample Paper_Examples of Formatting” under the “General Study Resources” module for guidance on APA formatting). This paper is typically 3-5 pages long (double-sided).