Write an approximately 1000 word essay based on the op-ed columns in the Chicago Defender by Jackie Robinson about the role of athletes as social/political commentators during the civil rights era of the 1960s. Use the following quotes:
“Personally, I think the Negro stars deserve a great deal of credit. They are unwilling, as the Negro people are unwilling, to accept half a loaf.” (In reference to black players refusing to play in the 1965 Sugar Bowl due to the racist treatment on the streets of New Orleans, despite being treated fairly by the NCAA itself).
“I do not feel that (Muhammed Ali) deserves much of the bad press which he gets. I know what he is going through… there are many writers who like tame Negroes who ‘stay in their place.’ Of course, by backing up his words with deeds, Ali has demonstrated where his ‘place’ is – right up there at the TOP.” (In reference to the backlash against Muhammed Ali due to his outspoken nature in regards to his beliefs).
“I am most proud, however, of the young, black kids from all over this nation who let it be known that they would be willing to forgo that once in a lifetime opportunity of the thrill of Olympic competition so that they might vindicate their manhood…” (In reference to South Africa being excluded from the 1968 Olympics due to their apartheid policies).
“Larry Doby gave his all to (baseball). He is intelligent. He could make a meaningful contribution in the front office. But Larry Doby has a characteristic in common with me. He is outspoken. They do not want a Negro like this.” (In reference to both himself and Larry Doby not being able to join an MLB team’s front office).
“One of the most dangerous things that can happen to the Negro people is having people who hold high office believing there is any one Negro who can speak for all other Negroes.” (In reference to his support for incumbent Nelson Rockefeller in New York gubernatorial race of 1966).
Make sure to use the complete quotes, and that it is at least 1000 words.